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定语从句修饰整个句子的情况分析

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定语从句和状语从句都属于修饰语成分,定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,。以下是小编整理的定语从句修饰整个句子的情况分析,欢迎阅读。

定语从句修饰整个句子的情况分析

定语从句用来对名词或代词进行修饰,它由关系代词或关系副词引导,其中的关系代词或关系副词在从句中也充当一定的成分。例如:

the man who never gives up 永不放弃的人 (关系代词who做从句中的主语)

the house where he used to live 他过去住过的房子 (关系副词where做从句中的状语)

粗体部分分别是由who和where引导的从句,用来修饰名词the man和the house,称为定语从句。被它所修饰的那个名词the man和the house叫做先行词,定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后。又例如:

The boy who visited me was one of my students. 看我的那个孩子是我的一个学生。(先行词为人)

A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是会飞的机器。(先行词为物)

Do you remember the day when he arrived? 你记得他到达的日子吗?(先行词为时间)

He lives in a place where no one can find it. 他住在一个别人找不到的地方。(先行词为地点)

【拓展延伸】

关系代词的使用

关系代词的使用首先取决于先行词是人还是物。它一方面用来引导定语从句,另一方面还在从句中充当一定的成分。先请看这张表:

⑴ 关系代词在从句中做主语,例如:

This is the man who / that wants to see you. 这就是那个想见你的人。

The girls who / that are coming are my students. 那些要来的孩子是我的学生。

She was not on the train which / that arrived just now. 她不在刚到的那列火车上。

说明:定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数与先行词一致

⑵ 关系代词在从句中做宾语,例如

The boy (who / whom / that) I know studies best in their class. 我认识的那个孩子在他们班上学习最好。 Are they the players (who / whom / that) you talked about yesterday? 他们就是你昨天谈论的运动员吗? The story (which / that) he told was very interesting. 他讲的故事非常有趣。

说明:关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略,尤其在口语中是如此。

⑶ 关系代词在从句中做表语,例如:

She decided to be the writer (that) her mother wanted her to be. 她决定做她母亲希望她做的`那样的作家。 The house is not the one (that) it used to be. 那座房子已经不是它过去那样了。

说明:关系代词在从句中做表语时可以省略。

⑷ 关系代词在从句中做名词的定语,例如

He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是那个汽车被盗的人。

The house whose / of which windows are big looks very beautiful. 那座窗户很大的房子外观很美。 说明:指物时,通常避免用whose,而用of which(尤其在正式场合中)。

⑸ 在以下情况中,关系代词常用that,例如:

① 先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little等不定代词时。例如:

Nothing (that) he said was true at all. 他所说的话一点也不真实。

Everyone that / who knows him likes him. 每一个认识他的人都喜欢他。

② 先行词前有first, last, next, only, all等修饰语时。例如:

The only thing (that) he did was to call the police. 他所做的唯一的事情就是报警。

The first man (that) he mentioned yesterday was a driver. 他昨天提到的第一个人是一位驾驶员。

③ 先行词前有形容词最高级形式修饰时。例如:

He was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived. 他是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。

That is the highest mountain (that) he has ever climbed. 那是他所攀登过的最高的山。

关系副词的使用:

定语从句也可以由关系副词引导。关系副词在定语从句中充当状语,常见的关系副词有where(表地点)、when(表时间)和why(表原因)。例如:

the house where we lived 我们住过的房子

the day when we first met 我们第一次见面的日子

the reason why he was late 他迟到的原因

现举例说明如下:

⑴ 关系副词where(=介词+which)在从句中用作地点状语,其先行词通常是表示地点的名词,如house, school, city, village, place等。。例如:

The building where / in which we are working was built five years ago. 我们工作所在的大楼是五年前盖的。

This is the playground where / on which they played football. 这就是他们踢足球的操场。

⑵ 关系副词when(=介词+which)在从句中用作时间状语,其先行词通常是表示时间的名词,如day, year, last night等。例如:

I’ll never forget the day when / on which I won the prize. 我永远不会忘记我获奖的日子。

Do you remember the year when / in which she went abroad? 你记得她出国的那一年吗?

⑶ 关系副词why(= for which)在从句中用作原因状语,它总是以the reason为先行词,the reason why…意思是“的原因”。例如:

Tell me the reason why / for which she was late. 请告诉我她迟到的原因。

Give me one good reason why I should help you! 请摆出一个我应该帮助你的正当理由!

⑷ 在使用关系副词时,要特别注意它的前面是否有先行词。如果有先行词则是定语从句,如果没有先行词则是其它从句。请比较:

That is the place where he was born. 那是他出生的地方。 (定语从句)

That is where he was born. 那是他的出生地。 (表语从句)